The Ministry of Finance has announced the passage of the Public Financial Management (Amendment) Act, 2025, a groundbreaking piece of legislation aimed at enhancing fiscal discipline, accountability, and securing long-term economic stability for Ghana.
This reform introduces new measures to strengthen fiscal oversight, enforce fiscal responsibility, and improve transparency across the country’s financial management systems.
Among the major changes introduced by the Act are stricter penalties for fiscal mismanagement. The Finance Minister can now face censure under Article 82 of the Constitution if they breach fiscal rules.
Additionally, Ministers and Heads of Covered Entities could be imprisoned if their actions contribute to financial misconduct or breaches of fiscal responsibility.
A key element of the reform is the introduction of a new fiscal responsibility framework. The Act mandates that the government maintain an annual surplus of at least 1.5% of GDP on a commitment basis through a primary balance rule.
It also introduces a public debt ceiling that caps the debt-to-GDP ratio at 45% by 2034, ensuring that Ghana remains on a sustainable debt trajectory.
Furthermore, the Act establishes an independent Fiscal Council tasked with monitoring adherence to fiscal rules and overseeing the credibility of the national budget. This autonomous body will play a crucial role in safeguarding macroeconomic stability and ensuring transparency in government financial operations.
To further enhance fiscal accountability, the Act requires the Minister of Finance to seek approval from either Parliament or Cabinet before suspending any fiscal rules due to unexpected economic challenges. In addition, the law consolidates all fiscal management regulations into a single framework, removing redundancies and improving the effectiveness of enforcement.
With the passage of this law, the previous Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2018 (Act 982) has been repealed, and the Presidential Fiscal Advisory Council has been dissolved. The Ministry of Finance emphasized that this shift will streamline fiscal oversight, placing responsibility entirely with the newly established Fiscal Council. These reforms, which come ahead of the IMF-supported program’s September 2025 deadline, underscore the Ministry’s commitment to enhancing fiscal discipline and ensuring Ghana’s long-term economic stability. The Ministry has pledged to work closely with all stakeholders to implement these reforms fully and protect the nation’s economic future.

